Diet is the most important component of gastritis therapy.Based on some characteristics of the disease, for example, acidity in the stomach, as well as the presence of erosive, atrophic and other forms, the diet may vary regarding what can and cannot be included in the menu.
If a person has an unbalanced diet, periodically drinks alcohol, smokes and is subject to frequent severe stress, then he will inevitably develop a pathology such as gastritis.This is a disease that leads to inflammation of the gastric mucosa, causing its integrity to be compromised.As a result, various unpleasant symptoms arise, the main one of which is acute pain in the upper abdomen.In addition, bloating, belching, nausea and vomiting appear, appetite decreases or disappears altogether, which often leads to weight loss.Gastritis of the stomach comes in different forms, including those that can be caused by an infectious environment, but in any case, successful treatment requires a healthy diet.You should not only change your diet, decide what you can and can’t eat, but also change the principles of nutrition itself, make it regimented with a stable menu for the whole week, dividing the entire amount of food into 5-6 meals.During an exacerbation, the diet should be tightened; in addition, there are some nuances if gastritis is characterized by high or low acidity.
What is possible and what is not allowed for gastritis?
The main differences in diet will be determined by the acidity level.Which indicator is determined for a particular patient during diagnosis prior to therapy.
Increased acidity
With increased acidity, which occurs most often, you need to follow three basic principles:
- Mechanical.It defines a ban on fried foods; in addition, coarse fiber is not allowed, such as bran bread, rutabaga, turnips, and meat streaks.
- Chemical.It states that you need to avoid foods that promote the secretion of hydrochloric acid required for the digestion process, for example, soda, alcohol, and citrus fruits.In addition, concentrated rich broths based on meat and fish are prohibited.
- Thermal.It consists of eating food that has an optimal temperature, which is usually in the range of 16-55 degrees Celsius.If the food is hotter or colder, then with gastritis this causes irritation of the esophagus, which leads to an increase in the duration of food absorption and, accordingly, increased stress on the stomach.
If the environment in the stomach is characterized as acidic, then low-fat types of fish and meat, fermented milk products, eggs, which can be served as an omelet or soft-boiled, are suitable for nutrition.In addition, the diet may contain peeled tomatoes, boiled zucchini, potatoes, and so on.
Low acidity
A diet for gastritis with reduced acidity includes foods that promote greater release of enzymes that ensure digestion.To do this, it is also important to normalize the procedure for eating food.This must be done slowly; it is important to spend at least half a minute chewing one portion of food, and the process of eating should last at least half an hour.Significantly improves the secretion of hydrochloric acid by drinking slightly carbonated mineral water; you should drink 200 ml of this water every time before meals.Various fruits and vegetables are allowed, which must be eaten immediately after finishing the meal, since snacking is not allowed on the diet.Fruits and vegetables should be chosen light, based on the principle of the absence of hard fibers.To further facilitate the digestion process, it is better to peel the fruits in advance and eat only the pulp.
Low acidity has some benefits compared to high acidity.A small amount of chocolate products, light soups and broths and river fish, mushrooms and lean meats, which include rabbit and veal, are acceptable.Milk derivatives are allowed, but it is better to avoid milk itself.
What's not allowed?
If you have gastritis with any acidity, you should not consume:
- Baking;
- Chocolate products;
- Fried, spicy foods;
- Alcoholic drinks;
- Food rich in vegetable or animal fats;
- Vinegar.
How to eat during an exacerbation - menu for the week
In the event of an exacerbation, a compromise should be found and the body receives all the necessary nutrients and microelements, but the diet is neutral and does not irritate the mucous membrane, which is so inflamed.In this situation, digestion needs to be helped as much as possible so that it happens very quickly.To do this, you should try to chop all the food as much as possible, and only use boiling or steaming for cooking.
It is important to make the compiled menu not only balanced and gentle, but also to strictly adhere to it, eating food at a strictly defined time every day.The intervals between doses cannot be more than three hours, otherwise the stomach will empty and the exacerbation will only intensify.It cannot be conveyed, as it is fraught with gastric stagnation.In the evenings, you should eat no later than three to four hours before bedtime.
Oddly enough, during an exacerbation period, it is recommended to spend the first day on an empty stomach.However, the stomach still needs to be filled.To do this, you need to drink a lot of still water and weakly brewed tea.Any liquid you drink should be warm.Starting from the second day, liquid porridges and mashed potatoes with water are allowed.In addition, boiled eggs and non-concentrated soup with grated vegetables will be useful.When gastritis worsens, foods rich in fat should be completely excluded from the diet, since their breakdown is very slow.
Menu for the week
Mon and Wed:
- Breakfast of oatmeal and compote;
- The second time you can have breakfast with steamed cheesecakes;
- Lunch consists of mashed potatoes, vegetable soup with breadcrumbs, boiled fish, compote;
- Afternoon snack – biscuits with light tea;
- Dinner - a side dish of pasta with steamed lean meat cutlets, light tea.
Tue, Thurs, Sat:
- Breakfast consists of baked apples, cheesecakes and compote;
- The second time you should have breakfast with one glass of jelly;
- You need to have lunch with vegetable broth, steamed fish, mineral water from gases;
- An afternoon snack is allowed with unsweetened light tea with white bread crackers;
- For dinner, cottage cheese casserole and compote.
Fri, Sun:
- You should have breakfast with eggs boiled for 5-6 minutes, washed down with compote;
- During the second breakfast, eat cheesecakes with tea;
- Lunch of vegetable stew, grated potato soup, jelly;
- Afternoon snack – a glass of kefir with crackers;
- Dinner should be boiled fish with porridge on the water.
Diet No. 1 for gastritis
Diet No. 1 is considered quite strict.However, its use is a necessary measure, since restoration of normal digestion and non-irritation of the gastric mucosa is very important in case of gastritis or if a person has an ulcer.This diet is prescribed after the exacerbation phase of the disease ends.Among the cooking methods, only boiling, steaming, and baking can be used.It is extremely important to reduce the amount of salt consumed, since its presence negatively affects the condition of the inner surface of the stomach; in addition, salt slows down the removal of water from the body.
Diet No. 1 involves dividing the entire daily diet into five to six small portions.The total amount of calories consumed cannot be more than 2000.
Among the main dishes that should be included in diet No. 1 are:
- Vegetable soup.The vegetable base can be replaced with vermicelli or rice;
- Lean meat and fish without veins and other difficult-to-digest elements;
- Bread products should be consumed yesterday, dried, and also in the form of crackers.
In moderation, you can eat fermented milk products, for example, cottage cheese, yogurt, skim milk.
Cannot be consumed on diet No.1:
- Rye bread;
- Soups based on mushrooms and meat - you will have to give up okroshka, borscht, cabbage soup;
- Smoked products;
- Pickles;
- Fish and other canned food.
Diet for erosive form
Gastritis is called erosive when the action of the disease causes gastric erosion, called an ulcer.An ulcer is a more serious disease that can lead to very serious consequences, including, for example, peritonitis, when erosion of the wall gradually leads to a through hole, resulting in the contents of the stomach entering the abdominal cavity.This situation is fraught with death without urgent surgical treatment.
The causes of erosion, along with the effect of Helicobacter Pylori infection, are exposure to substances or excessively acidic gastric juice.Thus, with erosive gastritis, it is very important to eat properly to slow down and reverse the process of ulcer formation.
Here are the principles on which the diet should be based if the patient has erosive gastritis:
- The foods consumed should minimally irritate the gastric wall and prevent an increase in acidity;
- You need to eat liquid, warm, pureed food on an ongoing basis.At the same time, it is necessary to minimize the amount of fat and salt in the diet;
- Refusal of bad habits, spices, soda;
- Vegetables should be cooked using heat treatment;
- The emphasis in food should be on soups and cereals.
Diet and menu if the patient has atrophic gastritis
The atrophic form is relatively difficult to diagnose, since there are no symptoms in the early phase of the pathology.Among the few signs of the disease, one can note the presence of belching after fried and fatty foods, which smells very unpleasant.In addition, the inevitable companions of atrophic gastritis are a state of general weakness, brittle legs and hair, and skin problems.
Atrophic gastritis imposes serious restrictions on the list of what is possible and what is not.In your diet you should avoid:
- Black bakery products, baked goods;
- Smoked dishes;
- Mushrooms in any form;
- Peas, beans;
- Canned food;
- Uncooked fruits and vegetables;
- Soda, including mineral water;
- Milk.
Like other diets for gastritis, during the atrophic stage, cooking methods such as frying and smoking are completely prohibited.To bring food to a state of readiness for consumption, you can boil, steam, or bake
With atrophic gastritis, it is important to eat:
- Soups based on grated vegetables;
- Various porridges on water;
- Boiled lean meat, very finely chopped;
- Skim milk derivatives;
- Boiled eggs;
- Unleavened white bread, crackers;
- Fruits and vegetables that have been heat-treated;
- Butter;
- For dessert, you can treat yourself to marmalade, jelly, and mousse.